Editing Spotty Bulbear

{{Infobox enemy
|pikmin      = y
|pikmin2     = y
|pikmin3     = y
|pikmin4     = y
|image       = Spotty Bulbear P4 icon.png
|size        = 270px
|icon        = Spotty Bulbear P4 icon.png
|namecustom  = ''Oculus terribilis dotticum''<br>''Oculus terribilis'' (''Pikmin'' Player's Guide)
|family      = Grub-dog
|areas       = [[The Distant Spring]], [[Perplexing Pool]], [[Distant Tundra]], [[Giant's Hearth]] ([[Story Mode]] and [[Night expedition|night]]), [[Primordial Thicket]] ([[night expedition|night]])
|underground = [[Frontier Cavern]], [[Glutton's Kitchen]], [[Hole of Heroes]], [[Dream Den]], [[Kingdom of Beasts]], [[Plunder Palace]]
|challenge   = [[The Forest of Hope]], [[Subterranean Lair]], [[Emperor's Realm]]
|missionct   = [[Beastly Caverns]]
|missionbe   = [[Thirsty Desert]], [[Twilight Hollow]], [[Formidable Oak Remix]]
|sidestories = [[Creature Hunting]], [[Team Monster Hunt]], [[Looking for Louie]], [[Another Part Found]]
|bingo       = [[Arid Metropolis]], [[Jigsaw Colosseum]]
|dandori_c   = [[Trial of the Sage Leaf]]
|attacks     = Eat Pikmin
}}

The '''Spotty Bulbear''' ({{j|クマチャッピー|Kuma Chappī|Bear Chappy}}) is a powerful [[enemy]] that appears in every major game in the {{Ps}}.

While they resemble [[Bulborb]]s at a glance, Spotty Bulbears lack their pointed snouts and generally have a rounder face, with large, chapped lips. They have a black, red-dotted back, and their face is a creamy yellow or orange. The Bulbear's larger mouth allows it to gobble [[Pikmin family|Pikmin]] up in greater number and speed than most other Bulborb species, making them rather formidable adversaries.

While they spend most of their time sleeping until disturbed in {{p1}}, they are constantly awake in all other games, and will freely patrol the entire area in search of prey. Spotty Bulbears are often accompanied by its [[Dwarf Bulbear]] offspring, who follow their 'parent' on their patrols in search of food.

Exclusively in {{p1}}, their eye color is dependent on the current lighting level. As such, their eyes can appear to be either violet, a piercing, bloodshot red, or even a combination of the two depending on what angle they are currently facing and what time it is in-game.

==Stats==
{{game help|p2|How fast does it revive?}}
{{enemy stats
|weight1 = 10   |weight2 = 10   |weight3 = 12   |weight4 = 12
|carriers1 = 20 |carriers2 = 20 |carriers3 = 25 |carriers4 = 24
|seeds1 = 15    |seeds2 = 12    |seeds3 = 20    |seeds4 = 15 (15 [[glow pellet]]s)
                |value2 = 10    |value3 = 70    |value4 = 12
|hp1 = 1300     |hp2 = 1200     |hp3 = 1800     |hp4 = 1800
|regen1 = Unknown
|regen2 = 3.6
|regen3 = Unknown
|regen4 = Unknown
}}

==Behavior==
{{game help|p|Its pupils change color during gameplay in ''Pikmin''. Document when and how, and also clean up the trivia section at the bottom of the article.}}
In {{p1}}, Spotty Bulbears largely spend their time sleeping, only waking up if disturbed by the Pikmin or [[Olimar]]. They have slightly more health than their Spotty Bulborb counterparts, making confrontation riskier. The red spots on their back constantly change in size, even after the creature's death. They have a noticeable [[Health#Regeneration|regeneration]] factor, healing if the player takes too much time to kill them.

In {{p2}}, Spotty Bulbears never sleep, spending all of their time patrolling in search of prey. They have far greater maneuverability than other Grub-dogs, freely wandering the entire map, often followed by multiple Dwarf Bulbears. In any sublevel or area where a Spotty Bulbear is active, extreme caution must be taken until it is defeated and the body is safely disposed of, as it is capable of ambushing and killing Pikmin that are working on tasks or are even simply idle. Notably, one will appear in the [[Perplexing Pool]] after Day 30. As it can wander into the landing site to eat Pikmin idle by the [[Onion]]s and Ship, it should be prioritized.

Spotty Bulbears in {{p2}} do not truly die when defeated, instead falling unconscious. When lying unconscious, its health will steadily regenerate as it attempts to [[Health#Revival|revive]] itself. If the body is not destroyed, either by depositing it in an Onion, the [[Research Pod]], or defeating the creature while it is [[Ultra-bitter spray|petrified]], it will eventually wake back up, requiring a repeated "kill". In the event that the body cannot be destroyed, leaving the area while it is down, such as entering a cave or proceeding to a deeper sublevel, is advised.

In {{p3}}, Spotty Bulbears are much rarer. Only one can be found during the [[Story_Mode#In_Pikmin_3|main game,]] behind a bamboo gate in one of the [[Distant Tundra]]'s caves, although they are markedly more common in [[Mission Mode]]. In this game, they have a notable resistance to [[bomb rock]]s, and are generally less persistent, stomping their foot in anger and disengaging a chase if they cannot reach their intended target, compared to the previous game, where they would try forever. They keep their sleepless wandering, but they also have a number of new weaknesses:
* They no longer revive when killed.
* When a Bulbear snatches Pikmin, it stops to fling them into the air and land them down its throat. Then, it pauses for about two seconds. If it has eaten a large amount of Pikmin recently, it may burp. This small sliver of time should be enough for a wary player to escape or attempt an attack.
* They will instantly die if they ingest a bomb rock.
* Bulbears now emit a heavy, snarly breathing noise when giving chase, which can be heard from a distance, alerting players of their presence. When in a dark area, their glowing purple eyes can also be seen from a distance.
* If a Bulbear spots the player, it will now give a glance at the group, making it much easier to tell if the Bulbear can see its prey or not.
* They can be briefly stunned if their eyes are attacked, like other large grub-dogs in ''Pikmin 3''.

Spotty Bulbears remain uncommon encounters in {{p4}}. They can be found both above and below ground, featuring most prominently in the [[Giant's Hearth]], where three patrol the central part of the area. They also appear in some harder [[night expeditions]]. They mostly behave identically to their {{p3}} counterparts, although hitting their eyes no longer stuns them. While they still sleeplessly wander during the day, they now follow predictable routes through smaller areas, rather than being able to roam anywhere as in ''Pikmin 2'' and ''Pikmin 3''.

==Locations==
{{see|Spotty Bulbear/Locations}}

==Strategy==
{{guide}}

===''Pikmin''===
The exact same strategy for the [[Bulborb|Red Bulborb]] is effective here, but take care of the Bulbear's increased health. A large group of [[Red Pikmin]] or three [[bomb-rock]]s will do it in.

===''Pikmin 2''===
Spotty Bulbears are always awake in this game and are constantly roaming the map, making a surprise attack nearly impossible. It is possible to trick the Bulbear into attacking and missing, allowing the [[leader]] access to its backside, but they frequently have [[Dwarf Bulbear]]s following them, making this tactic risky. Another means of accessing its rear is to split the [[leader]]s, using the one without Pikmin as a distraction. If [[Purple Pikmin]] are available, they make the battle easier as they can injure and stun the adult and children, but with other types it may be wise to use an [[ultra-bitter spray]]. It is often effective to switch roles with and hunt the Bulbear itself before it can pick up any Dwarfs, and then stun and attack it.

If time is not a concern, leaders can be used to [[punch]] and kill the Dwarf Bulbears and even the adult without the risk of losing Pikmin. The [[Rocket Fist]] upgrade makes this especially easy.

In the Perplexing Pool, you can trap the Bulbear in between the wall and the small maze next to the bridge. It will be unable to get out, so it won't be an issue anymore unless you want to kill it. Just begin to rain Pikmin down on its head, it should shake once or twice before dying. You then can carry its corpse and the 10-pellet it dropped out of the area and they will be able to get to the Onion. In most caves, leaving a Pikmin on one side of the wall that the Bulbear cannot reach allows a slight edge. Be quick and you can severely damage, if not kill it, with few losses.

To defeat the Spotty Bulbears in the [[Subterranean Lair]] in [[Challenge Mode (Pikmin 2)|Challenge Mode]], lure all three close to one another, then hit them all with a single shot of [[ultra-bitter spray]] to petrify all three at once, hopefully along with the dwarf compainions.

Since Bulbears follow the active leader, they can be lured into falling into bottomless pits that are between the leader and the beast. Any treasures the creature would drop will be safely returned to the sublevel for collection, [[Glitches in Pikmin#Libra glitch|unlike in ''Pikmin'']]. One such level is sublevel 3 in the [[Dream Den]].

If you want to get rid of the posse of dwarfs following the Spotty Bulbear, you can bring twenty [[Purple Pikmin]] and sneak up on the farthest dwarf in the group. Throw the purple on its back and it will die instantly. Do this to all the dwarfs without the Spotty Bulbear "noticing" and then you can defeat it with ease.

===''Pikmin 3''===
A Spotty Bulbear appears inside a dark cave in the [[Distant Tundra]]. It is accompanied by the usual [[Dwarf Bulbear]]s and some [[Fiery Blowhog]]s. In the cave, there are 10 [[bomb rock]]s. It will take 3 bomb explosions to kill the Bulbear, but if the Bulbear eats a bomb rock (regardless of whether or not a Pikmin is carrying it), it will instantly die. The remaining bombs can be used to deal with the other enemies.

For a head-on attack, make sure all other enemies are dead before facing it as otherwise shaken off Pikmin may become eaten or set on fire. Chuck Pikmin at its eyes until you hit them. Don't throw any more Pikmin until it's ready to attack again. This keeps it flinching over and over. Whistle some Pikmin when your standby group is small. Rock Pikmin and Red Pikmin can help defeat it quicker, as can an ultra-spicy spray.

If it does eat Pikmin, it chucks them in the air and may burp afterwards. This time is enough to escape or whistle the Pikmin back to hit its eyes again.

===''Pikmin 4''===
{{stub}}

{{Notes|reel=y|olimar=y|louie=y|p3dpalph=y|p3dpbrittany=y|p3dpcharlie=y|p3dplouieus=y|p3dplouieeu=y|p3dpolimar=y}}

=== Dalmo's notes ===
{{transcript|One glance, and you'll never forget them as long as you live—those unmistakable bold lips. A most distinctive feature the likes of which I've seen nowhere else in the universe. When I gaze upon them, I wonder if the lips serve double duty as a way to feel the world around it, since this cute little cuddler has no fingers!|block=y}}

=== Olimar's notes (''Pikmin 4'') ===
{{transcript|A midsize subspecies within the Grub-Dog family, the Spotty Bulbear's unique feeding habits set it apart from other Grub-Dogs. It patrols a set path, searching for prey instead of passively feeding on creatures that wander into a limited territorial range.

When entering Spotty Bulbear habitat, it is wise to proceed with extreme caution until the Bulbear's patrol path can be clearly identified.|block=y}}

=== Louie's notes (''Pikmin 4'') ===
{{transcript|For an unrivaled green curry, peel away the Spotty Bulbear's skin, pulverize the juicy innards, and stew until curiously fragrant.|block=y}}

===''Pikmin'' Nintendo Player's Guide===
{{transcript|A stronger, darker version of the greater grub-dog that appears in small numbers, perhaps the result of environmental changes. This rare subspecies of bulborb has a certain indefatigability.|block=y}}
{{transcript|The spotty bulbear behaves much like the spotty bulborb, and you can use the same tactics to defeat either variety of grub-dog. The spotty bulbear seems to be slower than the spotty bulborb, but the darker species is also stronger.|block=y}}

===''Pikmin'' Nintendo Power booklet===
{{transcript|Physically similar to spotty bulborbs, bulbears are actually much stronger than their red-and-white cousins. Their passion in life? Sleeping—and eating scores of delicious Pikmin.|block=y}}

===''Pikmin 2'' Nintendo Player's Guide===
{{transcript|Possibly the most vicious of the Bulborb/Bulbear family, the Spotty Bulbear feasts on Pikmin and doesn't give up. Have one group distract the villain while you send another behind it to attack.|block=y}}

===''Pikmin 3'' Prima Guide===
{{transcript|The Spotty Bulbear is extremely durable, and its wide jaws allow it to gobble a great amount of Pikmin with each attack. To avoid a prolonged and costly battle, use Bomb Rocks to attack this creature from a safe distance.|block=y}}

===''Pikmin 1'' (Nintendo Switch) Reel notes===
{{transcript|This rare subspecies of bulborb has a certain indefatigability.|block=y}}

==Technical information==
{{p1 enemy technical
|name = swallob
|hp = 1300
}}

{{p2 enemy technical
|name = kumachappy
|s000 = 0.5
|s001 = 0.5
|s002 = 0.25
|s003 = 0.05
|s004 = 0.3
|fp00 = 1200
|fp01 = 45
|fp02 = 0.3
|fp03 = 0.3
|fp04 = 0.35
|fp05 = 0.0001
|fp06 = 100
|fp08 = 0.2
|fp09 = 400
|fp10 = 50
|fp11 = 70
|fp12 = 500
|fp13 = 90
|fp14 = 500
|fp15 = 90
|fp16 = 1
|fp17 = 200
|fp18 = 1
|fp19 = 30
|fp20 = 75
|fp21 = 25
|fp22 = 80
|fp23 = 35
|fp24 = 10
|fp25 = 50
|fp26 = 50
|fp27 = 90
|fp28 = 4
|fp29 = 15
|fp30 = 50
|fp31 = 0.0001
|fp32 = 70
|fp33 = 60
|fp34 = 30
|fp35 = 1
|fp36 = 50
|fp37 = 0.3 (30%)
|fp38 = 5
|ip01 = 6
|ip02 = 5
|ip03 = 12
|ip04 = 10
|ip05 = 17
|ip06 = 20
|ip07 = 22
|spec = {{p2 enemy property | fp01 | 白ピクミン | [[White Pikmin]] poison damage | 400 }}
{{!}}-
{{p2 enemy property | fp11 | 死亡 ～ ゲージ出現 | Delay until revival starts | 2 }}
{{!}}-
{{p2 enemy property | fp12 | ゲージ出現 ～ 復活 | Revival duration | 118 }}
}}

{{p3 enemy technical
|name      = kumachappy
|hp        = 1800
|brout     = 3
|brin      = 1
|white     = 5
|rock      = 40
|direct    = 0
|damage    = 20
|territory = 0
|value     = 70
}}

==Other information==
{{enemy other info
|technical  = Grizzly Grub-Dog
|size       = Body length: {{mm|88}}
|piklopedia = 7
|piklopedia4 = 8
}}

==Naming==
{{see more|Grub-dog family#Naming}}
{{naming
|common     = Spotty Bulbear. The name is a counterpart to the name "Spotty Bulborb", which is what the [[Bulborb|Red Bulborb]] was identified as before the release of ''[[Pikmin 2]]''. The word "bulbear" is an alteration of the word "Bulborb" such that it ends with "bear" instead; this word reflects this creature's much more brutal nature.
|jpcommon   = {{j|クマチャッピー|Kuma Chappī|Bear Chappy}}.
|jpname     = {{j|クマデメマダラ|Kuma Deme Madara|Spotted Bear Bug-eye}}. It is the same as the Dwarf Bulbear's.
|scientific = ''Oculus terribilis dotticum''. ''Terribilis'' is Latin for "terrible", and ''dotticum'' resembles the English word "dotted". In the ''Pikmin'' Nintendo Player's Guide, the scientific name is simply ''Oculus terribilis'', which would later be used by the Dwarf Bulbear.
|internal   = The creature's internal name in ''Pikmin'' is <code>swallob</code>, which could be seen as a change on the Red Bulborb's name (<code>swallow</code>), as to mean "swallow B", or the second type of enemy with the "swallow" internal name. The internal name in ''Pikmin 2'' and in ''Pikmin 3'' is the same as its Japanese nickname: <code>kumachappy</code>.
|prerelease = In an early English script left inside the game's disc, the scientific name used to be just ''Oculus terribilis'', as in the Player's Guide.{{cite web|https://tcrf.net/Pikmin_2/Early_English_Script#Spotty_Bulbear|Pikmin 2/Early English Script|The Cutting Room Floor}}
}}

===Names in other languages===
{{Needs translation|Chinese|notes = double entendre with {{tt|熊熊|Xióngxióng}}？}}
{{foreignname
|Jap  = クマチャッピー
|JapR = Kuma Chappī
|JapM = Bear Chappy
|JapN = 
|ChiTrad  = 熊熊恰比
|ChiTradR = Xióng Xióng Qiàbǐ
|ChiTradM = Bear Bear Chappy
|ChiTradN = 
|ChiSimp  = 熊熊恰比
|ChiSimpR = Xióng Xióng Qiàbǐ
|ChiSimpM = Bear Bear Chappy
|ChiSimpN = 
|Dut  = Gevlekte bulbeer
|DutM = Spotted bulbear
|DutN = ''"Bulbeer"'' is a portmanteau of ''"Bulborb"'' and ''"beer"'' (bear)
|Fra  = Bulbours à pois
|FraM = Spotty bulbear
|FraN = ''"Bulbours"'' is a portmanteau of ''"Bulborbe"'' (Bulborb) and ''"ours"'' (bear)
|Ger  = Getupfter Punktbär
|GerM = Spotted Dot Bear
|GerN = 
|Ita  = Coleto Macchiato<br>Coleto macchiato (''Pikmin 4'')
|ItaM = Spotted Bulbear<br>Spotted bulbear (''Pikmin 4'')
|ItaN = ''"Coleto"'' may come from ''"boletus"'' (Latin for mushroom), as a bulborb's spots resemble those found on certain mushrooms<br> ''"Coleto"'' is the Italian name for both Bulborb and Bulbear
|ItaI = 
|Kor  = 곰차피
|KorR = Gom-Chapi
|KorM = Bear Chappy
|KorN = 
|Spa  = Bulboso moteado
|SpaM = Spotted bulbear
|SpaN = ''"Bulboso"'' is a portmanteau of ''"Bulbo"'' (Bulborb) and ''"oso"'' (bear)
|Por  = Bulboca
|PorM = Bulbmouth
|PorN = The name is a portmanteau of ''"bulbo"'' (bulb) and ''"boca"'' (mouth)<br> The name also sounds close to ''"boboca"'' (a childish slang that means "silly" or "stupid")
|notes = y
}}

==Gallery==
{{image|images of Spotty Bulbears in P4.}}
===''Pikmin''===
<gallery>
Spotty Bulbear P1 art.png|Artwork of the Spotty Bulbear.
Spotty Bulbear (Distant Spring).jpg|A Spotty Bulbear, its eyes red.
Reel22 Spotty Bulbear.png|A Spotty Bulbear in the [[enemy reel]].
Spotty Bulbear spots.gif|Animation showing the spots on its back changing in size, a feature of the species only seen in ''Pikmin''.
P1 Spotty Bulbear Sketch.png|Drawings of the Spotty Bulbear from the ''Pikmin'' Official Player's Guide.
P1 Spotty Bulbear idle.jpg|An idle Spotty Bulbear sleeping.
P1 Spotty Bulbear eating.jpg|A Spotty Bulbear eating several Pikmin.
P1 Spotty Bulbear corpse.jpg|The corpse of a Spotty Bulbear.
</gallery>
===''Pikmin 2''===
<gallery>
Spotty Bulbear.png|A Spotty Bulbear in the [[Piklopedia (Pikmin 2)|Piklopedia]].
Revive.png|A Spotty Bulbear reviving.
Pikmin2 Enemy A.I. Check.png|The Spotty Bulbear in an [[Unused content in Pikmin 2|unused cave]] used for testing its A.I.
Early Perplexing Pool 2.jpg|A Spotty Bulbear in an [[Pikmin 2 prerelease information|earlier version]] of ''Pikmin 2''.
Spotty Bulbear P2S icon.png|The [[Piklopedia (Pikmin 2)|Piklopedia]] icon of the Spotty Bulbear in [[Pikmin 2 (Nintendo Switch)|the Nintendo Switch version of ''Pikmin 2'']].
P2 Spotty Bulbear idle.jpg|An idle Spotty Bulbear walking around looking for [[Dwarf Bulbear]]s.
P2 Spotty Bulbear attack.jpg|A Spotty Bulbear attacking [[Captain Olimar]].
</gallery>

===''Pikmin 3''===
<gallery>
Spotty bulbear.png|Artwork of the Spotty Bulbear.
P3 Spotty Bulbear Darkness.jpg|A Spotty Bulbear shrouded in darkness.
Spotty Bulbear P3.png|The same Spotty Bulbear emerging from the darkness.
Spotty Bulbear burp.jpg|A Spotty Bulbear burping after eating a lot of Pikmin.
Spotty Bulbear burp 2.jpg|Ditto.
Staggered Bulbear.png|A Spotty Bulbear in the [[Thirsty Desert]].
Spotty Bulbear Burp2.jpg|A Spotty Bulbear in the [[Arid Metropolis]].
P3 Spotty Bulbear corpse.jpg|The corpse of a Spotty Bulbear.
</gallery>

===''Pikmin 4''===
<gallery>
P4DeadSpottyBulbear.jpg|A defeated Spotty Bulbear in the [[Piklopedia (Pikmin 4)|Piklopedia]].
Spotty_Bulbear_P4_Notices.jpg|A Spotty Bulbear noticing the player.
Spotty_Bulbear_And_Dwarf.jpg|A Spotty Bulbear and its Dwarf in [[Plunder Palace]].
Dead_Spotty_Bulbear_Closeup_P4.jpg|A close-up of a Spotty Bulbear's corpse.
Spotty_Bulbear_P4_Giants_Hearth.jpg|Two Spotty Bulbears in [[Giant's Hearth]].
</gallery>

===Other===
<gallery>
Spotty Bulbear E-Card.jpg|The Spotty Bulbear's [[e-card]], #07 (9<sup>th</sup> red card).
</gallery>

== Trivia ==
*In the [[enemy reel]] in {{p1}}, Bulborbs are often present in places that Bulbears inhabit in the final version. This suggests that Spotty Bulbears were likely intended to be much rarer during [[Pikmin prerelease information|''Pikmin's'' development]], or potentially were implemented far later in development.
*The enemy reel also notes that Spotty Bulbears display "indefatigability," suggesting a degree of tirelessness or persistence. While this is inaccurate in {{p1}}, as they sleep just as often as Spotty Bulborbs and disengage chases just as quickly as them, this notably does apply to their depictions in the rest of the games, where they never sleep, constantly patrol areas, and, in {{p2}}, can [[Health#Revival|revive]].
*The Spotty Bulbear was one of four enemies that were planned, but ultimately removed, for the roulette wheel in {{p2}}'{{'s}} [[2-Player Battle]], along with the [[Antenna Beetle]], and [[Fiery Dweevil|Fiery]]/[[Hydro Dweevil]]s.
*If a Spotty Bulbear bumps into a member of the [[grub-dog family]] that is sleeping, they will wake up. Ironically, [[Orange Bulborb]]s are the only grub-dog that will not wake up in this circumstance, despite being established as the lightest sleepers. This behavior can only be seen on sublevel 9 of the [[Hole of Heroes]], although their inability to wake up Orange Bulborbs can also be seen on sublevel 2 of the [[Emperor's Realm]].
*The Spotty Bulbear and the [[Gatling Groink]] are the only enemies that can [[Health#Revival|revive]] in {{p2}}. Both of these enemies are also, notably, the only ones in the game that can freely roam the areas they are found in.
*Like their [[Dwarf Bulbear|younger counterpart]], the coloration of the Bulbear's eyes has changed multiple times throughout the series. They are red/indigo depending on the current lighting level in ''Pikmin'', always indigo in ''Pikmin 2'', and purple in ''Pikmin 3'' and ''Pikmin 4''.

==See also==
*[[Dwarf Bulbear]]
*[[Bulborb]]
*[[Orange Bulborb]]
*[[Whiptongue Bulborb]]
*[[Gatling Groink]]

==References==
{{refs}}

{{p1enemies}}
{{p2enemies}}
{{p3enemies}}
{{P4enemies}}
[[Category:Pikmin-eating enemies]]
[[Category:Reviving enemies]]
[[Category:Wandering enemies]]
[[Category:The Distant Spring]]
[[Category:Perplexing Pool]]
[[Category:Frontier Cavern]]
[[Category:Glutton's Kitchen]]
[[Category:Hole of Heroes]]
[[Category:Dream Den]]
[[Category:Distant Tundra]]
[[Category:Giant's Hearth]]
[[Category:Kingdom of Beasts]]
[[Category:Plunder Palace]]
[[Category:Pikmin 1 Challenge Mode]]
[[Category:Pikmin 2 Challenge Mode]]
[[Category:Mission Mode]]
[[Category:Side Stories]]
[[Category:Bingo Battle]]
[[Category:Trial of the Sage Leaf]]